Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Philosophie: Heft 49.1/2024

Inhalt

• Vorwort der Herausgeber zum Jahrgang 2024 (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-1)Open Access

Abhandlungen

• Ralf Becker: Philosophie und Methode. Thesen zur Stellung der Philosophie im Kontext der Wissenschaften (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-2)
  

  Abstract

  Philosophy has been since its origin aimed high in its level of generality: it reflects the human relationship to self and world, man’s position in the world, in the mode of conceptual thinking. In light of the increasing division of labour and specialisation in the sciences, philosophy faces the challenge of maintaining this original claim. It is confronted with the question of method. If one understands methods as regulated procedural techniques, as has been customary in modernity since Descartes and Bacon, which dispense with the subject of knowledge in order to achieve transsubjectivity, then approaches such as phenomenology, hermeneutics or analytical philosophy are not methods. Philosophical reflection on man’s position in the world, however, cannot succeed independently of the reflecting person. By relating particular modes of experience to the whole of the human relationship to self and world, philosophy is at the same time a critical reminder of the significance of the lifeworld for science.
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  • Sebastian Knell: Holzwege und Sesselkapriolen: Begriffliche Überlegungen zur Debatte über den Status ›Künstlicher Intelligenz‹ (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-3)
    
    Abstract

    The following paper examines semantic pitfalls that threaten to confuse the philosophical debate about »artificial intelligence«. First, it is shown that this notion is prone to a misleading ambiguity, in that the adjective »artificial« can, on the one hand, indicate a specific difference that specifies the subsequent generic concept »intelligence« to a more narrow notion, but, on the other hand, can also express a substantial deviation from the genus, which the more general notion usually denotes. Then, based on considerations of Wittgenstein, it will be discussed to what extent the generic concept of intelligence itself exhibits a semantic blurring that may lead to uncertain judgments when it is applied to algorithmic systems. Finally, in light of the results of these reflections, the paper argues for replacing the philosophical question of the possibility of »artificial intelligence« with that of the possibility of »artificial rationality«.
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  • Simon Varga: Revision eines Ursprungs. Etymologie und Physiognomie der Autarkie (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-4)
    
    Abstract

    The focus is on etymological origins as well as the first systematic uses of autarky in ancient Greece, which appear almost simultaneously in poetry, history, philosophy and medicine in the 5th century BC. These uses reveal, firstly, an interdisciplinary term of autarky in a broader sense, which, secondly, is only marginally related to the relevant modern connotations of the political-economic autarkic state, and thirdly, was always placed in a concrete context in the original application, since the term autarky appears at least diffuse from a semantic perspective without a thematic contextualisation. It is noteworthy that these ancient contextualisations of autarky encompass the considerable content spectrum of theory, practice and dialectics.
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• Oliver Victor: Augustin und Kierkegaard: Selbstwerdung, Innerlichkeit und Glaube im Zeichen ›existenzieller Obdachlosigkeit‹ (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-5)
  

  Abstract

  At first glance, Augustine and Kierkegaard seem to have little in common. Augustine, on the one hand, is the main representative of Patristic and philosophises in the spirit of Neoplatonism, while Kierkegaard, on the other hand, is the initial figure of Existentialism and a harsh critic of any philosophical and theological system. Beyond these different starting points of their thinking, however, a comparative analysis brings to light remarkable overlaps in their concepts of self-realization, inwardness and faith. This article would like to show how Augustine in the 4th / 5th century and Kierkegaard in the 19th century, based on personal experiences of existential disorientation and the threat of a loss of meaning, developed an understanding of Christian faith via the category of inwardness that puts the single individual in a personal relationship to God and guides his self-realization.
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Essay

• Irene Breuer: Grenzorte und Labyrinthe. Die Rolle der Philosophie und ihre Überschreitung in der Literatur von Jorge Luis Borges (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-6)Buy article

Buchbesprechung

• Johann Kreuzer: Handbuch Kunstphilosophie. Zum gegenwärtigen Stand kunstphilosophischer Diskussionen (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-7)Buy article

• Johann Szews: Elemente einer politischen Philosophie der Migration (DOI:10.12857/AZP.910490120-8)Buy article